Sustainability in Educational Perspectives Process †Free Samples

Question: Examine about the Sustainability in Educational Perspectives Process. Answer: Presentation Ecological instruction in school is a long procedure planning to raise natural attention to the students who go to the classes. In todays world, all the schools must approach with a goal to raise their interests in regards to this issue and expecting to battle for the food of our mom earth. Ecological instruction weights on the educating of nature by interdisciplinary and issue-fathoming approaches (Okoza, Aluede Akpaida, 2012). This kind of instruction needs to begin in the early formative long periods of the understudies with the goal that they can build up a worry for the nature from the adolescence. Schools are the essential spot, where the understudies need to get acquainted with the earth at that phase of their lives. As at this level, they should take a gander at this in an all encompassing perspective. The administration of the instructive organizations must investigate the matter of an unnatural weather change and ought to be concerned in regards to this issue. In the year 2020, The Future Foundation School has appropriately made a colossal stride by building sun oriented boards, building supply to spare water and by building a tremendous nursery with assortments of vegetables and natural products. In todays world, the assets are getting restricted and all the occupants of earth must step up to the plate and save them. Since schools are the primary society for the youthful populace of this world, so the schools are where the students ought to be given the fundamental picking up with respect to, the earth and they should realize how to safeguard its characteristic assets (Okoza, Aluede Akpaida, 2012). It involves truth, because of fast industrialization, the nature is getting misled step by step and uncontrolled extraction of its characteristic assets is behind the greater part of the catastrophic events these days. Accordingly, it ought to be our obligation to figure out how to safeguard and help Mother Nature to continue from all the peculiarities. The presumed instructive organization Future Foundation School has therefore taken some imaginative activities to contribute at any rate something for the guide of Mother Nature (Gadotti, 2016). Inside the school exacerbate, the administration has assemble a mammoth nursery where the students are prepared how to plant trees and how to deal with them. In there, the understudies have shown an extraordinary energy, they magnificently planted numerous trees creating different kinds of organic products, and they have effectively developed various sorts of vegetables in enormous amount. The school claims a tremendous compound and the administration is utilizing each side of the land in a beneficial manner. There are two separate nurseries, one for foods grown from the ground solely for developing vegetables. The studen ts of the school take extraordinary consideration of those plants, they offer those products of the soil to the nearby individuals, and a gigantic reserve for the advantages of the school is in this manner raised every year. The administration of Future Foundation School has worked admirably in building a group in the school and naming an expert people for driving the group for the Environmental Sustenance Program of the school. ESP group is extraordinarily famous among the understudies of the school (Davis, Spaniol Somerset, 2015). The school gives training to the understudies inside the age gathering of 3 to 12 years of age. This age bunch is the prime time for the children to master something about the nature and they would place in their best discovering that whatever they have has originated from the earth just (Eskay Oboegbulem, 2013). The pioneer of the group is an expert earthy person and he has consented to save his important time for the school as he might suspect a similar route as the administration of the school does. Mr Kobaye is working superbly with the understudies of the school. Future Foundation School is situated at the focal point of New South Wales and hence is in a prime area for t he occupants of that territory to send their wards to this school for a total youth advancement program. The school includes increased colossal ubiquity inside a few years, as they needed to extend their foundation in the wake of finishing the second scholastic year of the school (Gadotti, 2016). Aside from the neighboring occupants, individuals from various urban communities send their youngsters to this school who are especially mindful of their childrens in general mindfulness with respect to condition. In todays world, in 2020, because of fast development in industrialization, and expanded use of uranium to create vitality is diminishing the general future of individuals. In this situation, the administration of this school is demonstrating incredible attention to prep their understudies such that they will contribute something to serve nature. The administration has constructed a novel supply where they can store overabundance water and water (Okoza, Aluede Akpaida, 2012). They reuse the water for some reasons, and alongside that, they develop numerous fishes in a few fake lakes inside the school compound. The ESP group cautiously develops palatable fishes there and they offer it in ease to the particular helpless dealers, with the goal that the venders can profit more by selling them. the administration of the school is contributing a great deal for the general public and for the earth by taking such activities (Gbenu, 2012). The executive of the school, Mr Roger Sullivan expressed that they emphatically censure the overabundance utilization of uranium to deliver vitality and in this manner they have introduced immense sun powered boards on the rooftop. Thusly, they produce huge vitality and out of that, they utilize just 40 to 50 percent vitality and the remainder of it they permit the neighborhood medical clinic and centers to share. . Then again, under the initiative of Mr. Kobaye the students made a pool, and in that pool they use dynamo to create po wer and the required wave to let the fishes develop more (Davis, Spaniol Somerset, 2015). The administration of the association has taken these essential activities under the authority of Mr Kobaye, a presumed tree hugger. It involves certainty, that these kinds of exercises are significant in the time of 2020, and more foundations that are instructive must approach with a similar aim (Eskay Oboegbulem, 2013). Three to twelve years is the most significant years for the kids to get the hang of something and Future Foundation school is doing precisely what is normal. If these kids grow an energy to spare the earth, they would instruct numerous people to do likewise and some of them would show a few people the equivalent (Adeolu, Enesi, Adeolu, 2014). As such, a more prominent mindfulness in regards to condition can be seen inside a couple of years. In this setting the idea and execution of the idea done by the administration of Future Foundation School under the authority of Mr. Kobaye is excellent. It is seen that, Mr, Obaye is mainstream among the understudies of the instructive organization and his inventive and useful thoughts are extremely dear to the youthful understudies of the school. They take a gander at those undertakings energetically and all the ways that Mr. Kobaye has picked, are properly filling the needs (Gadotti, 2016). Future Foundation School has set a guide to all the instructive establishments is as yet raising the bars high ceaselessly under the authority of Mr Kobaye and they are turning into a matter of pride for the inhabitants of New South Wales (Okoza, Aluede Akpaida, 2012). The fundamental expectation behind this gigantic undertaking is to support a methodology that takes some essential thoughts and a adapts them as per the nearby needs. There may be numerous customary approaches to do these sorts of works, yet Mr. Kobaye discovered ways, with the goal that the little mindful residents think that its fascinating to do and grow a characteristic love for the Mother Nature. The understudies under the perception of Mr. Kobaye are dealing with a poultry ranch and a little homestead for goats and sheep (Gadotti, 2016). These chickens and creatures are not utilized for business purposes, and there are numerous creatures like guinepigs, hares and various sorts of winged creatures under an enormous encased region with the goal that they can move openly. The winged animals are furnished with a nursery like encased region so they can be in harmony and the creatures are kept in a logical way so they face no issues there (Gbenu, 2012). Mr. Kobaye needs his understudies to spend at any rate a couple of hours every day extremely near the compelling force of nature in their these critical produc tive long stretches of their lives (Davis, Spaniol Somerset, 2015). Ecological instruction Ecological instruction is something that at the same time attempts to bring issues to light, create information and practices for the protection and food of Mother Nature from all the peculiarities (Gbenu, 2012). There are different kinds of approaches to raise the general mindfulness with respect to the earth, and those should be possible by intellectual and full of feeling conduct adjustment. Natural training can be viewed as a procedure that assists with building aptitudes and disposition much expected to comprehend and acknowledge the connection among humankind and condition or the biophysical world. Along these lines, it tends to be said that, all the projects identified with natural instruction are comprise of the obtaining of information and essential comprehension and the advancement of abilities (Eskay Oboegbulem, 2013). In this manner, under the initiative of Mr. Kobaye, the students of Future Foundation School means to explore the segments that made this biophysical world and attempt to consider a portion of its ways those can be adjusted by human culture for the advancement of the general public. As such, the understudies can investigate the land and biological parts instead of social and social elements of everyday human life. The administration of Future Foundation School has made up vow to raise the mindfulness with respect to ecological issues into the following level and they are doing it very successfull

Chocolate History Essay

All chocolate begins with a seed called a cocoa bean that is developed on a little tree. Numerous nations in Central and South America produce cocoa beans. The historical backdrop of chocolate begins in Latin America, where the cocoa bean was first found around 2,000 years prior on a tropical tree. The principal individuals perceived to have utilized these beans to make any sort of chocolate were the Maya’s. They considered it the kakawa bean, which is the place the source of the world chocolate started. They regularly utilized the bean to make a zesty, frothy beverage. Afterward, the Aztecs found the cocoa bean. In the long run this was presented in Europe after the Spaniards came to Central America. At the point when the Spaniards started exploring different avenues regarding the bean, they started to add different flavors to it, for example, cinnamon and sugar, to give the chocolate a better taste. Before long, the remainder of Europe began drinking it and it turned into a well known beverage that solitary the rich could manage. In the 1600’s the principal chocolate house was opened and this flavor had the option to arrive at the mouths of numerous others. In the mid 1800’s, strong chocolate was made. It turned out to be progressively reasonable to everybody and all through time more plans were tried different things with, making a wide range of kinds of chocolate. There are a wide range of sorts of chocolate, for example, White, Dark (self-contradicting), Milk, Semi-Sweet and in any event, Baking Chocolate (unsweetened). White chocolate isn’t truly considered chocolate since it has no cocoa solids in it, it is made of the fat from the cocoa beans known as cocoa margarine. White chocolate has a smooth consistency and taste. It needs flavor since it contains no chocolate alcohol which gives chocolate the severe solid chocolate flavor. White chocolate isn't typically utilized in cooking except if it is a substitution for dull or milk chocolate. It is utilized for the most part for adorning. Dull chocolate is the most beneficial kind of chocolate. This chocolate contains a lot of illness battling flavonoids, enemies of oxidants additionally found in red wine and loads of various products of the soil. Its enemies of oxidants can altogether improve circulatory strain, forestall blood clusters, slow the oxidation of low-thickness lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol making it less inclined to adhere to course dividers and furthermore diminish aggravation. Eating dull chocolate can likewise bring down insulin obstruction, the primary issue behind diabetes. Milk chocolate doesn't contain as much chocolate alcohol as dull chocolate, which gives it a milder chocolate flavor. This chocolate is a lot better than some other. It is the most well known sort of chocolate. Milk chocolate is increasingly hard to temper appropriately and progressively inclined to overheating which would make it thick and knotty in the event that it comes into contact with water. Milk chocolate can be utilized in basically anything you need to be sweet. The distinction between standard chocolate and preparing chocolate is heating chocolate has less sugar and no fat and its unpleasant while normal chocolate is sweet and sweet. Hardening implies improving the consistency, strength or hardness of a substance by warming and cooling it. Treating is finished by dissolving strong chocolate to a temperature sufficiently high that the gems in the cocoa spread separate. When the chocolate is completely liquefied, it must be cooled to about 82F, a temperature at which precious stones will begin to frame again with the goal that the chocolate can in the long run re-set. The chocolate’s temperature is then raised back to about 90F, where it is extremely smooth and can be filled chocolate shape and utilized for different things. White, milk and dim chocolate can be tempered. Tempered chocolate is extremely reflexive, has a firm completion and melts easily at around internal heat level. Chocolate that has not been tempered or that has been inappropriately tempered will look level or stained. Hardening should be possible in 2 different ways by hand, or through a procedure called seeding. Hardening by hand should be possible by tabliering where liquefied chocolate is poured onto a cool marble surface and worked with spatulas until it has chilled off adequately. Increasingly softened chocolate is added back and fused in to the tabliered chocolate to take it back to the last working temperature. Through the way toward seeding, chocolate is softened and a limited quantity of finely cleaved strong chocolate is included into the dissolved chocolate and blended in. Including strong chocolate will bring down the temperature of the softened chocolate and it will begin to temper the liquefied chocolate. With regards to preparing, chocolate shouldn't be tempered in light of the fact that it is being joined into another structure. Treating chocolate is useful for plunging nourishments, for an all the more spotless completion.

Research Proposal Writing

Research Proposal Writing What Is a Research Proposal? An examination proposition is a solicitation for help of supported research, guidance or expansion ventures. Regularly, an exploration proposition can be alluded to as an archive that is usually composed by researchers or academicians depicting the thoughts for an examination on a specific subject. The objective of an examination proposition is to introduce and approve the reasons why there is a need to consider a specific research issue while simultaneously sketching out handy manners by which this exploration will be completed. The plan components and systems for undertaking the exploration are administered by specific measures inside the overwhelming control in which the issue dwells. Thusly, the rules for an examination proposition are more definite and less severe than those of a general venture proposition. Research proposition contain broad writing surveys and in this manner must give persuading proof that there is a need to lead the proposed investigation. Notwithstanding giving a basis, a proposition traces a definite technique for undertaking the examination that is in accordance with necessities of the expert or scholarly field, just as a foreseen result or advantages of the study’s consummation. How to Write a Research Proposal? Like composing a customary research paper, the exploration proposition is commonly sorted out a similar path for the most part all through sociology disciplines. Their length extends somewhere in the range of 10 and 20 pages. Nonetheless, before you start on your proposition, read the task cautiously and request any explanations from your teacher just in the event that there are any extraordinary prerequisites to be met. Here is a rule on composing an examination proposition: 12 Steps to Writing a Research Proposal Inquiries to Answer When Writing a Research Proposal What do I study/examine For what reason is the particular point significant? How can it relate with my coursework? What issues will it help understand at long last? How can it expand upon look into effectively done on the point? What precisely should I plan to do?â Here is an incredible rundown of themes for aces thesis investigate proposition: 50 Research Proposal Topics Research Proposal: the Logic and the Structure 1. Introduction. This ought to be the place you at first test out your thought. Your perusers ought not just have an appreciation of what you need to do however ought to likewise have the option to detect that you have a heading with which to take your investigation. The presentation should answer what is the focal research issue, subject of study, strategies to break down the issue, and the significance of the exploration. 2. Foundation and Significance. This is the place you clarify the setting of your investigation and compose finally why it is significant. Express the exploration issue and give an inside and out clarification about the reason for the investigation, present the method of reasoning of your proposed examination and its value, depict the significant issues or issues to be tended to by your examination, and how you intend to go out and do your examination. 3. Writing Review. This is an increasingly intentional survey and amalgamation of earlier examinations that are identified with the exploration issue under scrutiny. Consider the inquiries that different scientists have posed regarding the matter, strategies they have utilized, and your comprehension of their discoveries. Ask yourself what is as yet absent, and how the past researchers have neglected to address the issue your examination addresses. 4. Research Design and Methods. The goal of this area is to persuade the peruser of your proposition and how your general research plan strategies for examination will viably address the exploration issue. Be explicit about the methodological methodologies you will use to gather data, procedures for examining the information, and the trial of outer legitimacy to which you submit yourself. 5. Primer Suppositions and Implications. The motivation behind this segment is to contend how you figure your examination will refine, change and broaden the current information in the branch of knowledge under scrutiny. Depict how your investigation is probably going to affect future insightful research, hypothesis, practice, strategy, or types of intercession. 6. Conclusion. This segment stresses the need of your proposition and offers a short rundown of the whole investigation. It very well may be a couple of sections emphasizing why the exploration issue merits examining just as why your examination is novel. 7. Citations. Here you will refer to the different sources you used to earn data for your proposition. Psyche that an examination proposition must persuade your peruser of the significance of the subject you inquire about. It should show your comprehension of a subject with the goal that you are prepared to finish your examination. Be that as it may, on the off chance that you are experiencing difficulty with an exploration proposition composing submit a request on our Order Page.

Discuss the Integration of Technology in Education Roadmap - 2200 Words

Discuss the Integration of Technology in Education: Roadmap (Essay Sample) Content: Name Institution Subject Date Technology and EducationIntroductionTechnology is a major step ahead in making easier the activities we engage ourselves in from day to day. Technology ensures that, as human beings, we are more efficient and fast in doing these activities. It achieves this by facilitating the analysis of information, problem solving and communication. Technological investments have become a priority for most governments for most sectors of their economies. Investment in technology for educational institutions has increased over the years. But then, how is technology related to education in particular. To find out this, we need to look at the various ways that technology has been integrated into education and its impacts in the education sector all over the world. We need to know how technology has been received by most of the actors within the education sector. This study projects the understanding on how technology is being adopted in the education sect or and show the evident depictions on its conceptualization by teachers. RoadmapUnlike most industries that have realized an improvement in business activities, the education sector has not realized greater benefits from the use of modern technology in the educational institutions. This can be attributed to the fact that in most educational institutions most education-related activities are still based on grades, standards of the education and measures of outcome. Very few institutions as at now are efficient in their operations hence few institutions have enhanced their learning outcomes. Ironically, technology may have led to an increase in the costs of operating these educational institutions in various ways. For example, apart from a number of resources pumped into setting up the technology, there is a need for constant maintenance and update of both the technologys software and hardware. At the rate at which technology changes, it means that these institutions are forced to buy new hardware from time to time in order to experience the same level of a given technology access. Additionally, these institutions are under constant pressure from policymakers, the media and the public at large to implement the use of technology in the teaching and learning processes. This pressure is normally huge, and it demands greater investment in technology in a bid to better the students learning outcomes. This is because such investments are financed by taxpayers money and thus the policy makers should ensure good returns from the technology. From such pressure, policies are now based on evidence, and this has led to some positive outcomes. Some recent studies have shown an improvement in school achievements at fundamental stages that are statistically linked to the use of better technology (Harrison et.al, 2004). The British Educational and Communications Technology agency were in agreement with these findings. The agency further outlined the lack of technology in school s as one of the major factors that may affect school performance (Becta, 2007). As a result of more positive and less negative effects of technology on education, some policymakers have tried to come up with a universal way of determining the returns of investing in technology. This is coupled with the pressure that comes with globalization. However, the universal benchmarking of school achievements has so far proved almost impossible because of the numerous differences between education systems. The educational institutions are also under some pressure to ensure that student does not use technology in the wrong way. This is because technology only facilitates the acquisition, processing, and storage of all sorts of information but the actual sorting of this information should be monitored by the educational institutions. Failure to do so may see the institutions embattled in legal, ethical and sometimes ideological battles regarding the use of some information or the misuse of the same. In order to address some harmful and risky effects of technology, some institutions have resulted to limiting access to some websites for the students as well as disabling some kinds of online activities e.g. synchronous communication. Some other harmful effects of technology that need to be addressed by the institution include hacking and cyber bullying among others. In the long run, this pressure and increase in the cost of operations for the institutions will affect the teaching and learning processes. There are so many aspects projected to be in place to ensure the whole process is a success. Changes within the school and the school technological policies have to be made. For example, re-engineering the whole learning setup and revising the standards of learning for the institution. Technology itself is often viewed as an agent of change which can be of great use when it comes to changing the learning environment, the modes of teaching and the learning methods. This has a significant impact on the whole educational institution.For example, a new technology project often requires the installation of new facilities, modification of existing policies or establishment of new policies and regulations, relocation of resources, changes in the informal and formal activities, and may also affect the social relationships of different groups of people. In this way, technology innovations introduced to schools are essentially invaders from outside. Whether they can be successfully adopted and become permanently established depends on their compatibility with the teaching and learning the environment and the co-adaptation between the technology and the school as an ecological system (Zhao Frank, 2003). If the school system, for example, would be viewed as an ecosystem which has got many parts within it. These parts of it and the way they relate to each other directly affect the growth of new parts within the system. In a more complex socio-cultural environment o f this same school, different groups and processes are inter-linked with each other very closely both inside and outside the school to create a web of changes. In the same way, these groups and processes affect the students learning process. The same changes caused by these parts interactions also affect the institutions operation. This, therefore, means that the way the actors within the institution and those outside it will interact and affect the integration of technology in the education system (Zhao Frank, 2003). There are evident gaps between trends in technology and the use of technology in the education sector. These gaps are brought about by various reasons ranging from the institutions technology resources and its culture, the willingness and exposure of the teachers and students with regards to the use of technology. The social interaction dynamics in the educational institutions system is also a factor.An implementation plan may work for a certain technology at one tim e, and it may not work at another. This calls for a dynamic plan which reflects changes. This will definitely work better compared to a static plan (Tondeur, Van Keer, van Braak, Valcke, 2008). It is good to note that new policies need to be formulated for a project that has been regarded as successful to remain so. There is a need for extra resources should be injected into increasing and improving the technical support, upgrading the technologys software and buying new hardware to ensure the technology remains a success. The teachers are supposed to have granted to the necessary help just like the students need it. For all these to be realized, there is a need for a constant technology planning and evaluation, strong leadership in place, provision of adequate and prompt support as well as refining and revising the practices in place from time to time (Tondeur, Van Keer, Van Braak, Valcke, 2008). It may still prove to be difficult, with all these factors in place, to judge whe ther implementation of technology in the educational institution is a success because there are yet no models or set goals to follow. For the teachers and the institutional heads, there is also the challenge of determining the effectiveness of technologys use within an institution (Russell, Bebell, ODwyer OConnor, 2003). This has seen most policy makers looking at the amount of time the students spend using technology and the types of technology in a given institution as a marker of successful technology implementation instead of measuring how the technology is used in a meaningful way to aid the teaching and learning within the institution, as well as whether that really happens. There is a need for a universally acceptable or widely accepted basis for determining an effective form of teaching. Some studies use the students academic performance as the indicator of an effective method of teaching. Some scholars argue that this form of measuring the effectiveness of teaching only se rves to support an education system that is full of social and intellectual inequalities. An effective teaching method is just one of many factors that may lead to a students good academic performance (Campbell, Kyriakides, Muijs, Robinson, 2004). Campbell et al. realized there were some problems that are synonymous with the concepts of the effectiveness of teaching. First is the conceptualization of the effectiveness of a teacher or teaching aid. Second, the correlation between the educational institution and teaching effectiveness. They argued that teachers can be more effective in enabling environments and may be ineffective in less conducive learning environments. Teachers in a conducive environment are more likely to try new ways of teaching. The third problem is that of the inadequate teaching effectiveness research. The re...

International Monetary Fund Argentina Project And Its...

The International Monetary Fund Argentina Project and its problems and outcomes One project of the International Monetary Fund was a series of loans given to the country of Argentina in the 1990s through 2001. In the 1990s many investors and brokers looked to Argentina for investments as they rated its economy as one of the world s strongest (Blustein, 2003, Aug 3). It was at this time that Argentina first started to follow the International Monetary Fund formula for economic stabilization in development including reducing budget in balance of payment deficits, raising interest rates, reducing inflation, privatizing state assets, and reducing trade barriers and regulation on capital flows in and out of the country (Paddock, 2002, p. 158). These policies helped reduce the hyper-inflationary levels that Argentina had reached during the 1980s. This positive outlook may have prevented a needed change in the economic policies when the effects of the Mexican peso crisis in 1995 placed Argentina s economy in a brief recession. It wasn t until 1998 that Argentine po licymakers discussed the country s finances with a senior official of the International Monetary Fund who sounded the alarm that the country might be headed for an Asian style melt down. However despite the warning significant economic changes were not made, in part due to the confidence that money could be easily acquired from the International Monetary Fund (Blustein, 2003, Aug 3). In 1999 the financialShow MoreRelatedThe Crisis Of Bolivia As Economy1661 Words   |  7 Pageshas now an accumulated valuable amount of rainy-day fund of foreign reserves. Ana Corbacho, the International Monetary Fund’s chief of mission said of Bolivia’s growth: â€Å"Bolivia has in a way been an outlier. 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After World War II, Brazil’s inhabitants that resided in towns and cities grew from 31.3 percent to 75.5 percent. The 146.9 million inhabitants living in the cities by 1991 caused Brazil to have two of the world’s largest metropolita n centersRead MoreInternational Business Management Research Paper14582 Words   |  59 PagesPostgraduate Diploma in Management INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT The Impact of Fixed Exchange Rates in a Global Economy A Research Project Report on the Relevance of Fixed Exchange Rate Systems A case of World Vision Kenya Student’s Name: Hesbone Nzambuli Kang’e Registration Number: CAM/2006/PGD/KEN/00143 Purpose: Fulfilment of the Requirements of the Postgraduate Diploma in Management Presented to: Cambridge Association of Manger, International Examinations, UK Read MoreThe Economic Change Within The Development And The Market2426 Words   |  10 Pagesconsequences. 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Plot Summary of Remember the Titans Essays - 1240 Words

Remember the Titans is a film from 2000 displaying a true story of a racially divided football team from the 1970s. The movie highlights the relationships of the black and white people, and how they learned to interact with each other in a time when this was not the way of life. It brings up a number of questions throughout, of what is right and what is wrong, and really challenges the characters, making it a very interesting movie to watch. I have seen this movie many times, and each time I feel like I get something new out of it. It is a movie that can be used as a teaching tool, it does a great job of interpreting not only what was happening in the United States of America at that time, but social psychology concepts through real life†¦show more content†¦The text explains that, â€Å"They may label each other as â€Å"enemies,† view their own group as morally superior, draw the boundaries between themselves and their opponents more firmly, and, under extreme cond itions, may come to see the opposing group as not even human† (Baron Branscombe, 2012). I would not say that the characters in the movie took this idea as far as the text explains, but there were many examples of this happening. The first example would be between the coaches. Coach Boone was given Coach Yoast’s coaching position, and offers him an assistant position for the team. Coach Yoast accepts the position, only for his players, but ensuring that his old assistant gets a job as well. Now that the teams have integrated, there really is not enough room for all the coaches, and it seems like each group is looking out for their ‘own.’ Coach Boone also has his assistant working with him, so now this makes four different coaches for T.C. William’s football team. With all of this happening the two white coaches and the two black coaches are not 100% getting along. They do not agree with one another’s ideas and have clear prejudices about one a nother, displaying the realistic conflict theory. They all want to be doing the same thing but there were not enough spots, so they think negatively of each other and often butt heads. This same idea moves onto the players. 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How Is the Figure of the Refugee Represented in Abdulrazak Gurnahs by the Sea free essay sample

Taking its cue from Jacques Derrida’s work On Hospitality, in which he discusses the aporia associated with unconditional hospitality, the essay will examine this encounter in Derriddean terms of an encounter between ‘guest’ and ‘host’. With all this said, the essay will align this notion of hospitality, as it is conceptualised by Derrida, in dialogue with the notion of what it means to be a political refugee, grounding these two ideas in a sense of the political climate of the novel at Gurnah’s time of writing. By showing how post-colonial issues intersect with those of asylum, the essay will ultimately aim to show how the novel depicts the possibility of (re)constructing a home in a foreign land. The implication of Omar’s meeting with Ken Edelman is twofold. Not only can it be read in terms of Derrida’s understanding of the provision of hospitality and sovereignty (whereby the legal status of the refugee is negotiated), as we shall see later: it also lends a darker edge to the novel’s navigation of cultural borders. Gurnah hints at the xenophobia and racism which is implicit within the discourse of the British asylum system. On one hand, Edelman professes sympathy for Omar: as he tells him, he is familiar with the ‘hardships of being alien and poor’, being himself descended from Romanian migrants. However, he identifies a crucial difference between his parents, who are of European descent, and Omar, who, being of East African origin is ‘not part of the family’. As the ‘bawab of Europe’, Edelman is a personification of the British asylum system: the gatekeeper of a land which is intent on keeping its borders sealed. Omar’s non-European ancestry means that he does ot ‘belong’ inside the demarcated, imaginary borders which separate those entitled to legal citizenship from those not. Indeed, despite his family background, Edelman sees no wrong in discriminating between Europeans and non-Europeans. ‘You don’t belong here’ he tells Omar, echoing Marfleet’s assertion that in Western thinking, refugees are asylum seekers of ill egal status: opportunists seeking asylum without proper reason. In his view, Omar (a non-European) does not ‘value any of the things we value’ and hasn’t ‘paid for them through generations’. But he fails to realise that ‘the whole world had paid for Europe’s values already’. In the work Post-colonial Theory and Literatures; African, Carribbean and South Asian, scholars P. Childs, J. Weber and P. Williams have suggested that the juxtaposition of Edelman’s perspective (and its racist undertone) with Omar’s reaction can be seen as the novel deconstructing the binary of ‘us’ vs. ‘them’. In their view, Omar’s identification of Edelman as the ‘bawab of Europe’ resonates with colonialist history and thus presents a transformation of roles. Jopi Nyman views this transformation as evidence of the novel’s ‘pervasive attempt to locate the refugee in a global context of responsibility’. If we take Nyman’s identification of this ‘global context’ to be true, we can perhaps view the character of Edelman as both a representative of the British asylum system and of globalisation on the whole: on one hand understood to enhance openness of trade and encourage labour forces to cross national boundaries, but on the other to exclude forced migrants by creating ‘new physical and cultural barriers’, as Phil Marfleet asserts. In the year 2000, one year before the publication of Gurnah’s novel, the then Home Secretary Jack Straw, explains in a speech: ‘[the 1951] convention gives us the obligation to consider any claims [for asylum] made within our territory†¦but no obligation to facilitate the arrival on our territory of those who wish to make a claim. ’ The notion of what it means to be a refugee or asylum seeker is, by implication, loaded with meaning and constantly subject to change. The liminal status and fractured sense of identity of the refugee is mirrored in the complex political discourse in which their legal situation is described. This insight returns us to Derrida’s notion of sovereignty. According to Derrida, there can be ‘no hospitality, in the classic sense, without sovereignty [†¦] exercised by filtering, choosing, and thus by excluding and doing violence. ’(p. 55). Sovereignty is, to Derrida, the power of wilful exclusion, and is reflected both in the conflict between Omar and Edelman and in the juridical construct of the nation-state, which, as quoted above, clearly negates any ‘obligation’ it may have towards those seeking citizenship. David Farrier identifies the moment of the stranger’s arrival at a border as a kind of ‘contest’ in which the power cultivated by the host in order to confer legitimacy is pitted against the stranger’s right to access. Farrier’s assertion is supported by Derrida’s view that hospitality necessarily entails a delicate and precarious balance between ‘the alterity (hostis) of the stranger’ and the ‘power (potential) of the host’, to the effect that neither ‘is annulled by the hospitality’. In this sense, Edelman is the ‘host’, upon whose discretion Omar is entirely dependent. He has the power to confer legitimacy, and while Omar maintains the power to assert his rights, it is a contest which ultimately takes place within the sphere of the host. The novel thus presents the power struggle which is present within the constructs of British asylum law and political discourse. This essay has shown the term ‘refugee’ to be often very nebulous, which by its nature entails a (re)construction of identity as much as it entails the physical rebuilding of a life in another country. By placing the Derrida aporia associates with unconditional hospitality, in dialogue with the insights of post-colonial theory, the essay has demonstrated how the narrative’s movement within the spheres of displacement, forced migration and discourses of national identity can be illuminated. In By the Sea, asylum issues intersect with those of post-colonialism. Just as the legal and political status of the refugee is constantly being rewritten, so do the concepts of ‘home’ and ‘identity’ take on an abstract quality. The figure of the refugee is therefore one temporality: it is in constant transit both physically, politically and conceptually. The ‘refugee’ is difficult to pin-down – in both a physical and metaphorical sense, and the complexity of the term, the novel goes to show, must not be belied by its familiarity. As Omar himself says: ‘I am a refugee, an asylum seeker. These are not simple words’. .