International Monetary Fund Argentina Project And Its...

The International Monetary Fund Argentina Project and its problems and outcomes One project of the International Monetary Fund was a series of loans given to the country of Argentina in the 1990s through 2001. In the 1990s many investors and brokers looked to Argentina for investments as they rated its economy as one of the world s strongest (Blustein, 2003, Aug 3). It was at this time that Argentina first started to follow the International Monetary Fund formula for economic stabilization in development including reducing budget in balance of payment deficits, raising interest rates, reducing inflation, privatizing state assets, and reducing trade barriers and regulation on capital flows in and out of the country (Paddock, 2002, p. 158). These policies helped reduce the hyper-inflationary levels that Argentina had reached during the 1980s. This positive outlook may have prevented a needed change in the economic policies when the effects of the Mexican peso crisis in 1995 placed Argentina s economy in a brief recession. It wasn t until 1998 that Argentine po licymakers discussed the country s finances with a senior official of the International Monetary Fund who sounded the alarm that the country might be headed for an Asian style melt down. However despite the warning significant economic changes were not made, in part due to the confidence that money could be easily acquired from the International Monetary Fund (Blustein, 2003, Aug 3). In 1999 the financialShow MoreRelatedThe Crisis Of Bolivia As Economy1661 Words   |  7 Pageshas now an accumulated valuable amount of rainy-day fund of foreign reserves. Ana Corbacho, the International Monetary Fund’s chief of mission said of Bolivia’s growth: â€Å"Bolivia has in a way been an outlier. The general trend is we have been revising down our growth forecast, except for Bolivia we have been revising upward† (William Neuman Pg.1). Currently, they have received praise from the International Monetary Fund and further international financial institutions. These complim ents come as aRead More Opportunities for International Investors Essay3111 Words   |  13 PagesOpportunities for International Investors ATTITUDES TOWARDS FOREIGN INVESTMENT Because the Foreign Investments Law and supplementary rules establish the principle of equal treatment for domestic and foreign investors, foreign investors enjoy the same rights and duties as Argentine investors. However, the government no longer grants special incentives. Argentina welcomes foreign investments, and its laws governing foreign investment are among the most liberal in the world. In general, Argentina encouragesRead MoreEvaluation Of The Technical Assistance Essay1782 Words   |  8 Pages i. Stages of the project The project was scheduled to have two-stage. The technical assistance was to be conducted in two stages. For the first stage, two awareness-raising regional workshops were to be organized in Tunis, Tunisia, featuring representatives from the four relevant government departments (financial intelligence, customs, finance, and mining) of each country. The first workshop was on March 8–12 for eight French-speaking countries. The second was on June 14–18, with participantsRead MoreHow Imf Has Assisted in the Underdevelopment of Third World Countries3678 Words   |  15 PagesAccording to the The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international financial institution (IFI) which monitors the international financial system and provides loans to developing country member-states with balance-of-payments problems. (www.IMF.com) History of IMF The IMF was established in 1945, having first been conceived at the Bretton Woods Conference in New Hampshire, USA in 1944. 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Plot Summary of Remember the Titans Essays - 1240 Words

Remember the Titans is a film from 2000 displaying a true story of a racially divided football team from the 1970s. The movie highlights the relationships of the black and white people, and how they learned to interact with each other in a time when this was not the way of life. It brings up a number of questions throughout, of what is right and what is wrong, and really challenges the characters, making it a very interesting movie to watch. I have seen this movie many times, and each time I feel like I get something new out of it. It is a movie that can be used as a teaching tool, it does a great job of interpreting not only what was happening in the United States of America at that time, but social psychology concepts through real life†¦show more content†¦The text explains that, â€Å"They may label each other as â€Å"enemies,† view their own group as morally superior, draw the boundaries between themselves and their opponents more firmly, and, under extreme cond itions, may come to see the opposing group as not even human† (Baron Branscombe, 2012). I would not say that the characters in the movie took this idea as far as the text explains, but there were many examples of this happening. The first example would be between the coaches. Coach Boone was given Coach Yoast’s coaching position, and offers him an assistant position for the team. Coach Yoast accepts the position, only for his players, but ensuring that his old assistant gets a job as well. Now that the teams have integrated, there really is not enough room for all the coaches, and it seems like each group is looking out for their ‘own.’ Coach Boone also has his assistant working with him, so now this makes four different coaches for T.C. William’s football team. With all of this happening the two white coaches and the two black coaches are not 100% getting along. They do not agree with one another’s ideas and have clear prejudices about one a nother, displaying the realistic conflict theory. They all want to be doing the same thing but there were not enough spots, so they think negatively of each other and often butt heads. This same idea moves onto the players. 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How Is the Figure of the Refugee Represented in Abdulrazak Gurnahs by the Sea free essay sample

Taking its cue from Jacques Derrida’s work On Hospitality, in which he discusses the aporia associated with unconditional hospitality, the essay will examine this encounter in Derriddean terms of an encounter between ‘guest’ and ‘host’. With all this said, the essay will align this notion of hospitality, as it is conceptualised by Derrida, in dialogue with the notion of what it means to be a political refugee, grounding these two ideas in a sense of the political climate of the novel at Gurnah’s time of writing. By showing how post-colonial issues intersect with those of asylum, the essay will ultimately aim to show how the novel depicts the possibility of (re)constructing a home in a foreign land. The implication of Omar’s meeting with Ken Edelman is twofold. Not only can it be read in terms of Derrida’s understanding of the provision of hospitality and sovereignty (whereby the legal status of the refugee is negotiated), as we shall see later: it also lends a darker edge to the novel’s navigation of cultural borders. Gurnah hints at the xenophobia and racism which is implicit within the discourse of the British asylum system. On one hand, Edelman professes sympathy for Omar: as he tells him, he is familiar with the ‘hardships of being alien and poor’, being himself descended from Romanian migrants. However, he identifies a crucial difference between his parents, who are of European descent, and Omar, who, being of East African origin is ‘not part of the family’. As the ‘bawab of Europe’, Edelman is a personification of the British asylum system: the gatekeeper of a land which is intent on keeping its borders sealed. Omar’s non-European ancestry means that he does ot ‘belong’ inside the demarcated, imaginary borders which separate those entitled to legal citizenship from those not. Indeed, despite his family background, Edelman sees no wrong in discriminating between Europeans and non-Europeans. ‘You don’t belong here’ he tells Omar, echoing Marfleet’s assertion that in Western thinking, refugees are asylum seekers of ill egal status: opportunists seeking asylum without proper reason. In his view, Omar (a non-European) does not ‘value any of the things we value’ and hasn’t ‘paid for them through generations’. But he fails to realise that ‘the whole world had paid for Europe’s values already’. In the work Post-colonial Theory and Literatures; African, Carribbean and South Asian, scholars P. Childs, J. Weber and P. Williams have suggested that the juxtaposition of Edelman’s perspective (and its racist undertone) with Omar’s reaction can be seen as the novel deconstructing the binary of ‘us’ vs. ‘them’. In their view, Omar’s identification of Edelman as the ‘bawab of Europe’ resonates with colonialist history and thus presents a transformation of roles. Jopi Nyman views this transformation as evidence of the novel’s ‘pervasive attempt to locate the refugee in a global context of responsibility’. If we take Nyman’s identification of this ‘global context’ to be true, we can perhaps view the character of Edelman as both a representative of the British asylum system and of globalisation on the whole: on one hand understood to enhance openness of trade and encourage labour forces to cross national boundaries, but on the other to exclude forced migrants by creating ‘new physical and cultural barriers’, as Phil Marfleet asserts. In the year 2000, one year before the publication of Gurnah’s novel, the then Home Secretary Jack Straw, explains in a speech: ‘[the 1951] convention gives us the obligation to consider any claims [for asylum] made within our territory†¦but no obligation to facilitate the arrival on our territory of those who wish to make a claim. ’ The notion of what it means to be a refugee or asylum seeker is, by implication, loaded with meaning and constantly subject to change. The liminal status and fractured sense of identity of the refugee is mirrored in the complex political discourse in which their legal situation is described. This insight returns us to Derrida’s notion of sovereignty. According to Derrida, there can be ‘no hospitality, in the classic sense, without sovereignty [†¦] exercised by filtering, choosing, and thus by excluding and doing violence. ’(p. 55). Sovereignty is, to Derrida, the power of wilful exclusion, and is reflected both in the conflict between Omar and Edelman and in the juridical construct of the nation-state, which, as quoted above, clearly negates any ‘obligation’ it may have towards those seeking citizenship. David Farrier identifies the moment of the stranger’s arrival at a border as a kind of ‘contest’ in which the power cultivated by the host in order to confer legitimacy is pitted against the stranger’s right to access. Farrier’s assertion is supported by Derrida’s view that hospitality necessarily entails a delicate and precarious balance between ‘the alterity (hostis) of the stranger’ and the ‘power (potential) of the host’, to the effect that neither ‘is annulled by the hospitality’. In this sense, Edelman is the ‘host’, upon whose discretion Omar is entirely dependent. He has the power to confer legitimacy, and while Omar maintains the power to assert his rights, it is a contest which ultimately takes place within the sphere of the host. The novel thus presents the power struggle which is present within the constructs of British asylum law and political discourse. This essay has shown the term ‘refugee’ to be often very nebulous, which by its nature entails a (re)construction of identity as much as it entails the physical rebuilding of a life in another country. By placing the Derrida aporia associates with unconditional hospitality, in dialogue with the insights of post-colonial theory, the essay has demonstrated how the narrative’s movement within the spheres of displacement, forced migration and discourses of national identity can be illuminated. In By the Sea, asylum issues intersect with those of post-colonialism. Just as the legal and political status of the refugee is constantly being rewritten, so do the concepts of ‘home’ and ‘identity’ take on an abstract quality. The figure of the refugee is therefore one temporality: it is in constant transit both physically, politically and conceptually. The ‘refugee’ is difficult to pin-down – in both a physical and metaphorical sense, and the complexity of the term, the novel goes to show, must not be belied by its familiarity. As Omar himself says: ‘I am a refugee, an asylum seeker. These are not simple words’. .